山羊毛囊干细胞分离培养方法研究

分别采用组织块法和酶消化法分离培养山羊毛囊干细胞,并通过形态学观察、免疫组化染色以及克隆形成率来比较2种方法体外分离培养毛囊干细胞的效率。组织块法获得的细胞第1、3、7代K19阳性率分别为52.0%±1.62%6、8.4%±1.82%、72.0%±2.42%,integrin-β1分别为52.5%±2.12%、66.3%±1.98%、73.0%±2.16%,而消化法获得的细胞第1、3、7代K19阳性率分别为56.2%±3.12%、61.7%±1.17%、64.0%±3.02%,integrin-β1分别为56.0%±1.12%、63.0%±1.12%、68.0%±2.32%;组织块法获得的细胞第1、3、7代克隆形成率分别为18.4%±0.77%、31.3%±0.88%、44.7%±1.03%,而消化法获得细胞第1、3、7代克隆形成率为22.6%±2.30%、26.9%±0.86%、32.8%±1.05%;在同样培养条件下,组织块法获得的细胞可体外传19代,而消化法可传12代。结果表明两种方法均能分离得到毛囊干细胞并进行传代,但随着传代次数的增加,组织块法获得的细胞免疫组化染色阳性率、克隆形成率以及传代能力均显著高于酶消化法获得的细胞(P<0.01)。     

套筒式橡胶减振器的疲劳工况试验研究

为了准确掌握金穗4SW系列马铃薯挖掘机摆动分离筛新型套筒式橡胶减振器的疲劳工况，进行了田间试验和实验室试验。试验表明，该橡胶减振器能够满足生产实际要求和对橡胶减振器的设计寿命要求。给出了符合橡胶减振器疲劳损失衡量标准的静刚度损失值，经生产实践证明，此值具有指导生产的实际意义。     

奶牛不排卵状况的研究综述

卵泡生长可分为三个阶段：卵泡出现；卵泡的选择优势化与闭锁分离；卵泡排卵。不排卵的情况可分为：①生长卵泡不能生长至“分离期”。原因可能是极度的营养缺乏。②卵泡可生长到“分离期”，但没有达到排卵体积。这方面研究得较多，认为这类牛比正常牛有更强的E2对GnRH／LH的负反馈，在营养不良或吮乳时可引起这类不排卵状况。③卵泡生长的最终体积大于排卵卵泡，这类牛的特征是下丘脑对E2的正反馈作用不敏感；高产奶牛常见。对于第一种情况，关键在于预防，提高育成期的饲管水平。后两种常见的不排卵状况是由于下丘脑对E2反应的敏感性改变；常用增加血液循环中P4的浓度改变GnRH／LH释放的脉冲以协助卵泡最后阶段的生长，或重新建立下丘脑对E2的正反馈来治疗。     

核型分析方法研究及进展

染色体核型分析是生物学研究中常用的实验方法。核型分析技术区别于传统的形态鉴别,在细胞水平上研究染色体特征,并以此为依据对植物进行分类,结果更加真实准确,对于植物分类、进化过程、以及属种间关系具有重要的应用价值。该文综述了核型分析研究的发展过程,指出了目前实验中存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

Addition of citric acid to enhance the bioleaching chalcopyrite tailings

The effect of mixed sulphur bacilli on the bioleaching of chalcopyrite tailings in shake flask and the effect of different citric acid concentrations and slurry densities on leaching tailings are studied. The results show that the concentration of citric acid in a certain range can promote chalcopyrite tailings bioleaching, and the highest of leaching rate is 44.8%. The citric acid concentration and slurry density directly affect the oxidation activity of bacteria and the effect of leaching.     

Cytotoxic, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of isolated phenolic compounds from fresh ginger

Twenty-nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the root bark of fresh (Yunnan) ginger and their structures fully characterized. Selected compounds were divided into structural categories and twelve compounds subjected to in-vitro assays including DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine-oxidase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, rat-brain homogenate lipid peroxidation, and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell and primary liver cell viability to determine their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Isolated compounds were also tested against nine human tumor cell lines to characterize anticancer potency. Several diarylheptanoids and epoxidic diarylheptanoids were effective DPPH radical scavengers and moderately effective at inhibiting xanthine oxidase. An enone–dione analog of 6-shogaol (compound 2) was isolated and identified to be most effective at protecting PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced damage. Almost all tested compounds inhibited lipid peroxidation. Three compounds, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol and an enone-diarylheptanoid analog of curcumin (compound 6) were identified to be cytotoxic in cell lines tested, with KB and HL60 cells most susceptible to 6-shogaol and the curcumin analog with IC₅₀ < 10 μM. QSAR analysis revealed cytotoxicity was related to compound lipophilicity and chemical reactivity. In conclusion, we observed distinct compounds in fresh ginger to have biological activities relevant in diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.     

超积累植物美洲商陆根中锰的累积与解毒

美洲商陆(Phytolacca am ericanaL·,pokeweed),为商陆科多年生草本植物,因其生长适应性强,生长速度快,特别是其生物量大,具有潜在的土壤重金属污染植物修复应用前景,成为近年来颇受关注的重金属超积累植物[1-4]。关于美洲商陆重金属超积累与耐受机制,是当前环境科学与生物科学领域内的一大研究热点[5-10]。相关研究业已报道了美洲商陆对锰及镉的吸收与累积[2-4],但其重金属耐受机制仍不是十分清楚。通常,对于重金属超积累植物的研究,研究者多将植物分为地上部(茎、叶)与地下部(根),并以地上部为重点关注对象。然而,植物对重金属具有耐受或超累积能力,其根必然发挥着重要作用。     

长期施肥对黑土团聚体中腐殖物质组成的影响

腐殖物质(HS)是土壤有机质的主体,在土壤固碳方面具有重要作用[1],近些年来,在土壤有机质化学研究中越来越受到重视。团聚体是土壤有机质(SOM)分解转化和HS形成的最主要“场所”,土壤中的一切生物化学活动均在这一骨架内进行(包括土壤腐殖化作用)。在正常的或特定的条件下,不仅微生物主导的腐殖化作用需要合适的“场所”,而且所形成的HS也只有在合适的“场所”或者说与土壤矿质部分相结合才能长时间保存[2-3]。这种“场所”或者说有机无机结合状况,是制约整个土壤固碳反应的关键。但至今为止关于这种“场所”(团聚体)的固碳机制尚不清楚,特别是很少注重HS化学方面。团聚体和HS二者关系密切,不可分割。可以假     

饲料添加剂牛至油中香芹酚和百里香酚含量的测定

试验建立了高效液相色谱法测定饲料添加剂牛至油中香芹酚和百里香酚含量的方法。采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱Diamonsil C18(2)柱,流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(60??4??2),检测波长274 nm,流速1.0 ml/min。结果显示,牛至油中香芹酚含量为37.81%,百里香酚含量为7.05%,香芹酚和百里香酚的回收率分别为98.2%、98.4%,变异系数分别为1.0%、1.3%。试验为牛至油中香芹酚和百里香酚的检测提供了准确、灵敏、可靠的分析方法。     

Characteristics of soil seed bank in plantation forest in the rocky mountain region of Beijing, China

We investigated characteristics (scales and composition) of soil seed banks at eight study sites in the rocky mountain region of Beijing by seed identification and germination monitoring. We also surveyed the vegetation communities at the eight study sites to explore the role of soil seed banks in vegetation restoration. The storage capacity of soil seed banks at the eight sites ranked from 766.26 to 2461.92 seeds·m -2 . A total of 23 plant species were found in soil seed banks, of which 63 80% of seeds were herbs in various soil layers and 60% of seeds were located in the soil layer at 0 5cm depth. Biodiversity indices indicated clear differences in species diversity of soil seed banks among different plant communities. The species composition of aboveground vegetation showed low similarity with that based on soil seed banks. In the above- ground plant community, the afforestation tree species showed high importance values. The plant species originating from soil seed banks represented natural regeneration, which also showed relatively high importance values. This study suggests that in the rocky mountain region of Beijing the soil seed banks played a key role in the transformation from pure plantation forest to near-natural forest, promoting natural ecological processes, and the role of the seed banks in vegetation restoration was important to the improvement of ecological restoration methods.